Venice, Italy, is one of the most iconic cities in the world, but it faces an increasingly uncertain future due to sea level rise. The city, built on a network of islands in a lagoon, is highly vulnerable to flooding, particularly in its historic center. Even small increases in sea level can lead to regular high tides (“acqua alta”) that flood streets and disrupt daily life.
The rising sea levels threaten not only the city’s infrastructure but also its rich cultural heritage, including architectural landmarks, art, and historical sites. Venice is sinking at a rate of approximately 1-2 millimeters per year, exacerbating the impacts of rising seas.
Flooding also puts pressure on the city’s unique ecosystem, including the lagoon and its salt marshes. Saltwater intrusion is damaging freshwater resources and habitats. Additionally, Venice’s tourism industry, a significant part of its economy, is at risk, as frequent flooding and erosion degrade the city’s appeal and accessibility.
To combat these threats, the MOSE project (Moses Project) is underway, involving the construction of a series of barriers to protect the city from storm surges. However, the effectiveness of MOSE remains uncertain in the long term, particularly in the context of global warming and the continuous rise in sea levels. Rising seas may outpace the barriers’ design, undermining their protective function and putting the city at risk in the coming decades. While the project offers hope, Venice’s future will depend on continued adaptation and innovative solutions to safeguard its cultural and environmental legacy.